What was the social and historical context in which the...

What was the social and historical context in which the juvenile court was created? What has been the fundamental difference between the procedures used in juvenile courts and those employed in criminal (adult) courts? Juvenile Court, authority charged with the disposition of legal actions involving children. One hundred years ago, the Illinois legislature enacted the Illinois Juvenile Court Act (1899 Ill. Laws 132 et seq.), creating the first separate juvenile court. The policy debates raging around the country in this centennial year(1899), however, make it uncertain whether the traditional juvenile court will prevail. Early in the 19th century, juveniles were tried along with adults in criminal courts. In common law, children under†¦show more content†¦In most jurisdictions, there were no transcripts, no formal presentations of evidence, no cross-examination of witnesses, and no right of appeal. The intent of all this was to remove procedural and legal obstacles, so that the court could quickly move in to protect a child in danger. The high court scrapped the informal nature of juvenile justice, one in a series of rulings that ultimately conferred all the same legal rights on juveniles as adults possess (except for the right to a trial by a jury of ones peers, for obvious reas ons). In other words, the unanticipated result of the Supreme Courts Gault decision was to shift the focus of Juvenile Court from the child to the facts of the crime the child committed. Only after the legal issues are dealt with, after many weeks, months, or sometimes years pass, does the court belatedly turn its attention toward what should be done to help a child -- far too late in many cases. The childs rights are protected, but the child is not. And given the fact that most accused juveniles remain free while their cases slowly pass through the system, society is not protected, either. The problems inherent in this shift in focus are now coming to a head as youth violence has reached crisis proportions. In recent years, with juveniles increasingly responsible for major and violent crimes, public sentiment inShow MoreRelated African American Societys Influence2075 Words   |  9 Pagesunderstand the myriad of ways delinquent juveniles are affected by certain policies. Specifically, African Americans are over-represented in the juvenile justice system of Cook County, Chicago. Thus, they are a vulnerable population that is singled out by the system, and this further exacerbates and stigmatizes them. II. Historical Background: Children As Villains In Modern America Until the late 19th century, children were tried in criminal courts with adults. According to common law, theRead MoreJuvenile Detention Centers And Its Impact On Rehabilitation2252 Words   |  10 PagesChapter Two Literature Review Introduction The juvenile justice system in America has been through numerous phases of growth. In recent years, it has endured extensive changes that have taken place as a product of reforms made to revitalize the innovative principle of juvenile justice, the idea of bringing individual justice and treatment to the heart of the system. This assessment of related literature looks particularly at the accessible studies on juvenile detention centers in order to prove the negativeRead MoreStrategies of Youth Justice Policies2036 Words   |  9 Pagespractice with the ideological motivations and identify and evaluate the social and political context. The 1908 Child Act; Children and Young Persons Act, the Criminal Justice Act; Crime and Disorder Act 1998 and Anti-Social Behaviour Act 2003 will be discussed. 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It is created not only by individuals, but as one culture, the American culture. Subculture is derivative of, but different from some larger referential cultures. This term is used to share systems of norms, values, individual, groups and the cultural system itself. Criminal or delinquent subcultures indicate systems of norms, values, or interest that support criminal or delinquent behavior. That’s why many juveniles are linked to the same criminalRead MoreInternational Conventions On Child Rights3875 Words   |  16 PagesAnalysis of Implementation 7 Child Rights in Indian Courts 8 Conclusion – The Challenges Ahead 9 INTRODUCTION Indian law, policy and practice of child welfare have undergone a significant change from a historical perspective. From customs expecting the wellbeing of children to be based on values and morals, we have evolved to a system where the child is a rights-bearer and a recipient of welfare measures. This is because of the manner in which India has imbibed certain international principles withRead MoreJuvenile Crime Issues in Today’s Criminal Justice System18893 Words   |  76 Pagesrights that may be threatened by technological advances and other developments:  ©  ©  ©  © chapter 15 Juvenile Justice chapter 16 Drugs and Crime chapter 17 Terrorism and Multinational Criminal Justice chapter 18 The Future of Criminal Justice These individual rights must be effectively balanced against these present and emerging community concerns: Widespread drug abuse among youth The threat of juvenile crime Urban gang violence High-technology, computer, and Internet crime (cybercrime) TerrorismRead MoreCjus 230 Final Paper4022 Words   |  17 PagesThe Effects of Family Structure and Values on Juvenile Delinquency Christina M. Bracey 201240 Fall 2012 CJUS 230-B02 LUO Professor DeBoer Liberty University Online October 12, 2012 Abstract The changes in family values and structure in the United States has helped contribute to juvenile delinquency today. Society needs to recognize problems within the home before trying to find solutions to problems for todays at risk youth in America. Major structural changes inside of the home couldRead MoreJails and Prisons Comparison Paper1965 Words   |  8 Pages In considering the jails, as well as state and federal prisons, and in modern America, one must understand the historical contexts in which the three institutions were conceptualized and put into practice. Then a discussion of the reasons behind the drastic recent growth off these three ancient institutions must be had. Finally, a review of the security classifications which enable these facilities to carry out the business of incarceration and rehabilitation in a secure and safe manner shouldRead MoreThe Constitutional Law Is Not The World Constitution2418 Words   |  10 PagesWriting in 1758, Emer de Vattel ex plained: â€Å"The fundamental law which determines the manner in which the public authority is to be exercised is what forms the constitution of the state.† Extrapolating this concept to the international political process, the bulk of the most important norms which regulate political activity and relationships in the global polity could be called an international constitution. However, an international or global constitution cannot be gained by simply scaling up a